A survey of coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture and. Fined grained simd architecture free architecture essay. Chris rossbach and calvin lin cs380p university of texas. This architecture originated in the 1990s 8, 9 and has been developing rapidly since the 2000s 10, 11, 12. Bottlenecks in multimedia processing with simd style. This architecture features a unique pe arrangement in the form of a chess board, with embedded memories to support multimedia applications. Coarse grain is in one of the earlier concepts of singlethreaded architectures. Nov 09, 2015 coarse grained simd architecture computer science essay published. This granularity reduces the architecture area, architectures are the perfect candidates to executed one of consumed power, delays and configuration times the most used algorithm in graphics, renderization, as this. Scalable interconnects for reconfigurable spatial architectures. Jan 22, 2016 example of a coarse grained reconfigurable architecture. We can consider two different models for mapping loops onto coarse grained reconfigurable architecture simd and loop pipelining. This granularity reduces the architecture area, architectures are the perfect candidates to executed one of consumed power, delays and configuration times the most used algorithm in graphics, renderization, as this compared with fpgas. The expected performance advantage and large design space of coarse grained sas has inspired much research on the evaluation of its architectures, control schemes, operation scheduling and data.
Pdf automatic instructionset architecture synthesis for vliw. Difference between finegrained and coarsegrained simd. Computer architecture simd ola flygt vaxjo university ppt download. We present gp simd, a novel hybrid general purpose simd computer architecture that resolves the issue of synchronization by inmemory computing, through combining data storage and massively parallel processing. A new array fabric for coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture yoonjin kim and rabi n. Request pdf scalable radio processor architecture for modern wireless communications in this paper, we propose an architecture of scalable radio processor targeting an ofdm based wireless modem. It has a parallel memory structure composed of various block sizes and word lengths as well as a configurable simd architecture. An alternative is to use a tiled array of coarse grained datapaths more like a processors arithmeticlogic unit alu a coarse grained recon. Scalable radio processor architecture for modern wireless.
We propose the mediabreeze architecture that uses hardware support for efficient address generation, looping and data. Exploiting both pipelining and data parallelism with simd. Fine grain is the concept of future multithreaded architectures to be used in the future also. Single instruction, multiple data vector parallel instructions. Efficient mapping of hierarchical trees on coarsegrain. Fdr can not only provide multicycle data transmission in concurrent with computations but also convert resourcedemanding interprocessingelement global data accesses into local data accesses to avoid communication congestion. We propose a fast data relay fdr mechanism to enhance existing cgra coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture. Exploring the tradeoffs between programmability and. Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures cgras are a natural coarse grained implementation of the concept of reconfigurable computing proposed in 1960s. The architecture has already been presented in 6, 7.
Pdf design and implementation of a rendering algorithm. Computer architecture, fifth edition acm digital library. The idea of simulating a mimd machine using a simd architecture is not new 11. Advantages of a simd machine include its simple architecture and its synchronous control structure which makes programming easy 9. Two methods using a status register called cause register holding the reason of exception using vectored interrupts. Rapid 14 is a coarse grained architecture mainly targeted for dsp applications. They incorporate multiple functional units within a con. Modular vector processor architecture targeting at datalevel. The gp simd s arithmetic, logic and associative characteristics and its intercommunication network are discussed. Figures from the book in pdf, eps, and ppt formats.
The pe array has a simd execution model, so the entire array has to execute the. A new array fabric for coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture. Mar 19, 2012 reconfigurable architecture ra, which provides extremely high energy efficiency for certain domains of applications, have one problem that current mapping algorithms for it do not scale well with the number of cores. Unlike the vector simd pattern, subword simd accelerators usually have. A flexible algorithm for calculating pair interactions on simd architectures. In general, coarse grained reconfigurable fabrics are composed of high.
Single instruction operates on multiple data elements. Vliw processors with simd single instruction multiple data functional units are often considered to exploit the data level parallelism with limited instruction fetching overhead 2,3. Coarse grained models are widely used for molecular modeling of biomolecules at various granularity levels a wide range of coarse grained models have been proposed. Statebased full predication for low power coarsegrained. Coarser grained computation typically increases the size of communication, but glue logic, reductions, and loops with carried dependencies i.
A coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture with compilation. We describe an implementation of fesia for two different 1465. Exploring the tradeoffs between programmability and ef. Each pcu consists of a reconfigurable pipeline with multiple stages of simd functional units, with support. Jan 06, 2020 fine grain simd is a much costlier process than the coarse grain simd. This paper presents the design and implementation of simd language extensions and compiler support that together add. Efficient aes cipher on coarsegrained reconfigurable. On the other hand, in a clustered vliw architecture, all functional units are fully under the control of wideinstruction words.
We propose a modulo scheduling technique for cgra architectures that leverages graph embedding commonly used in graph layout and visualization, referred to as modulo graph embedding. Coarse grained partitioning groups adjacent data e. The idea is to develop an architecture based on a proven and affordable platform which doesnt have the inherent limitations of the underlying platform. Simd yes no multimedia rapid14 fixed coarse grained static, 27% dynamic using control signals which. Mimd is used to refer to a processor array architecture wherein each processor in.
Plasticine is a two dimensional array of two kinds of coarse grained reconfigurable units. As a result, if a group of simd threads on the gpu process this job, the thread that processes the row with the most nonzero elements slows down all the other threads. Only one instruction can execute at a time and every processor executes the same instruction. The advantage of this type of architecture is in the ease of adding more memory and aus to the computer. Pattern compute units pcus and pattern memory units pmus. The chip can be a single node of a finegrained parallel processor. Coarse grain simd have more computation time then the fine grain architecture. Modular vector processor architecture targeting at data. The bitlevel fine grained architecture is suitable to implement a large variety of functions directly. They are usually dedicated to computational modeling of specific molecules.
One approach to this problem is using simd single instruction multiple data paradigm. The paper also shows that the simplicity of the method allows it to be implemented both in fine grain and coarse grain simd asimd architectures because it does not require significant additional. Paper mapping parallel fft algorithm onto smartcell coarse. Simd architecture and evolving instruction set dozens of new instructions on power9. Coarse grained simd architecture computer science essay published. Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures rapid 14, matrix 12, chess, raw 11, morphosys 15, mora 16 have been introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of lookup table based fine grained reconfigurable architectures, such as fpgas. The subword simd pattern, shown in figure 2c, uses wide scalar registers and datapaths often overlain on a doubleprecision. Clearly coarse grained methods will be fewer and do more work than the brokendown fine grained versions. A coarsegrained array based baseband processor for 100mbps. Task scheduling and the coarse grain dataow control of applications are left to the hc. Parallel genetic programming on finegrained simd architectures. Simd computation model is efficient for computation intensive,dataparallel applications requiring less context words to configure reconfigurable processing elements. A quantitative approach is a classic that, like fine wine, just.
The mixed grained architecture is more flexible and efficient, fewer reconfiguration parameters than the coarse grained architecture, fine grained architecture. Usually called simd can operate on few vector elements per clock cycle in a pipeline or, simd operate on all per clock cycle 1962 university of illinois illiac iv completed 1972 64 alus 100150 mflops 1973 tis advance scientific computer asc 2080 mflops 1975 cray1 first to have vector registers instead of keeping data. Pdf comparing simd and mimd programming modes kannan. One of the original ideas for the connection machine 5,as that it could simulate other parallel architectures. A new array fabric for coarsegrained reconfigurable. A fast and simdefficient set intersection approach on. The simd architecture consists of a central control unit and many processing units 5. For example, simd accelerators are illsuited for programs with irregular controlflow and data. With the intrinsic function set and loop parallelism, aes was mapped on adres 14 to. A fast and simdefficient set intersection approach. Putting vector programming to work with openmp simd. For an embarassingly parallel program like 1a, it may seem like a simd simt architecture will be a strictly more ef.
Another true simd architecture, is designed with a configurable association between the pes and the memory modulesm. It consists of 1d array of functional units alus, multipliers, registers and rams. All the pes in a generic coarse grain architecture are considered to be identical it supports the same functionalities and latency remains constant to guarantee architecture regularity. Software transparent dynamic binary translation for coarse. This approach is limited since the order of the synthesis. Simd gpu cpu asic vliw dsp e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y. The authors in 9 describe a compiler framework to analyze sac programs, perform optimizations, and automatically map the application onto the morphosys architecture 10, a rowparallel or columnparallel simd architecture. The control is transferred to an address determined by. An alternative is to use a tiled array of coarse grained datapaths more like a proces sors arithmeticlogic unit alu a coarse grained recon. The compiler, of course, might also contain errors. Javascripts current support for parallelism is limited and does not directly exploit simd capabilities. Lncs 7199 exploiting both pipelining and data parallelism.
The disadvantage can be found in the time wasted by the cu managing all memory exchanges. Coarse grained models are widely used for molecular modeling of biomolecules at various granularity levels. Accelerators and coarse grained reconfigurable architectures. In the simd architecture the same instruction is broadcast to all proces sors. More complicated portfolio of the computational tools that work. While earlier architectures were programmed at the assembly level, compi. A major challenge with these vps is slow memory accesses. A wide range of coarse grained models have been proposed. It defines granularity as the ratio of computation time to communication time, wherein, computation time is the time. Simd pipelines for simd parallelism 39, 46, which improves compute density while minimizing control and con. The chip can be a single node of a fine grained parallel processor. Compilation approach for coarsegrained reconfigurable. Coarse grained simd architecture computer science essay.
The pe array has a simd execution model, so the entire array has to execute the same configuration context. Pdf a novel predication scheme for a simd systemonchip. We design a code specialization mechanism to reduce the cost of. We introduce a coarse grain pruning approach which can be ef. Emerging applications, however, exhibit dynamic and heterogeneous amounts of spatial locality, and the massivelymultithreaded gpu architecture limits the. A coarse grain reconfigurable architecture is an important technology for exploiting the parallelism of a program without compromise of the flexibility and has been adopted for highperformance. Us5966528a simdmimd array processor with vector processing. Pdf coarse grain reconfigurable architectures, a survey. Superscalar fine grained coarse grained multiprocessing.
A reconfigurable architecture for parallel patterns. A hybrid architecture for bioinformatics sciencedirect. Coarsegrained modeling, coarse grained models, aim at simulating the behaviour of complex systems using their coarse grained simplified representation. Coarse grain simd is much cheaper than the fine grain simd. Coarse grain reconfigurable architectures, a survey baptiste goupillelescar, joel ortiz sosa laboratoire labsticc universit. Paper a coarsegrain hierarchical technique for 2dimensional. Indeed, in the extreme, each processor on a simd architecture can simulate a universal turing machine tm. Matrix 12 is yet another coarse grained reconfigurable computing architecture composed of 2d array of identical, 8bit functional units overlaid with a configurable network.
Here, programs are broken into large number of small tasks. Abstractdu to the increasing need for power aware, short signal processing. Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures chapter 2 architecture shown is the chess mvs99 array by a. In other approaches, data flow dominance is sometime exploited in coarse grained reconfigurable arrays cga 4,5. Singleinstruction stream multipledata stream architecture. Advanced topics in algorithms and data structures an overview of the lecture 2 models of parallel. Hence, the parallel datapath clusters in a clustered vliw architecture can perform dataparallel execution by executing the code. Messagepassing architecture takes a long time to communicate data among processes which makes it suitable for coarse grained parallelism. On the other hand, descriptor generation and database matching are keypointrelated operations, so they can differ with respect to individual keypoints. However, they are not generic coarse grained architectures but some speci.
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